如题所述
一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语；如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语。这种带有主语的动名词叫帮动名词结构。 They insisted on reading the letter. 他们坚持要看信。（他们发出了看信的动作） 动名词作动词宾语和介词宾语时，如果其逻辑主语是 无生命的名词，一般用普通格；如果逻辑主语是有生命 的名词，一般用其所有格形式，但是在作介词宾语时， 也可用普通格。Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? （动词的宾语，pattering的逻辑主语rain没有生命）Is there any hope of John winning the first prize? （介词的宾语，winning 的逻辑主语John 有生命用所有格John's winning和普通格John winning均可） 在非常正式的英语中，名词后面带动名词理，要用名词所有格形式；但省略's的情况更为多见。I don't remember my mother's complaining about it. 我不记得我母亲为此抱怨过。（文体正式）
I don't remember my mother complaining about it. 我不得我我母亲为此抱怨过。（口语） 但在某些特定的场合，所有格和宾格不宜互换。分别叙述如下：
１、（名词）普通格或（代词）宾格作动名词的逻辑主语
１）无生命的东西作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。如：
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.
平常开始上课时，在街上就可听得见书桌开关的声音。
If I bring my suits for dry-cleaning, is there any chance of it being ready this afternoon?
如果我将衣服拿来干洗，今天下午能成吗？
２）较长的名词词组或一个以上的人名作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。如：
I've never heard of a person of humour refusing to go to such a wonderful party.
我还从未听说过富有幽默感的人会拒绝参加这样棒的晚会。
Do you remember Jim and his uncle coming to see us last month?
你记得吉姆和他的叔叔上月来看过我们吗？
３）不定代词、指示代词或表时间的it作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。如：
I was astonished by someone knocking at the door.
（听见）有人敲门，我惊讶了。
She is looking forward to that being said at the meeting.
她正盼望这事儿在会上说说。
I'm surprised at it being so late.
我真想不到就这么晚了。
即使有互换的场合，也应注意更稳妥的表达。譬如：
She hates anyone smoking here in the room.
她讨厌任何人在这房间里抽烟。(较少用anyone's)
２、名词所有格或物主代词作动名词的逻辑主语
１）句首的逻辑主语，只用所有格或物主代词。如：
The soldier's being killed in the war is her one regret.
那位战士的阵亡是她的一件憾事。
只有在极其随便的谈话中才偶尔也用宾格，以避免重复。如：
Him recognizing his faults is a good thing.
他认错，这是好事嘛。
２）形式主语后的动名词，逻辑主语较多使用所有格或物主代词。如：
It's no use your pretending not to know the rules.
你装着不知道规章，这没用。
但如果逻辑主语以-s结尾的名词复数，则用名词普通格。如：
It's a catastrophe the bosses shutting all those factories.
老板们关闭了那所有的工厂，这是一大灾难。
３）少数动词（如 deny, delay, postpone, defer等）， 其后动名词的逻辑主语（包括无生命的东西），大都采用所有格或物主代词。如：
He denied their having ever been there.
他矢口否认他们曾到过那儿。
The dense fog delayed the plane's taking off.
大雾耽误了飞机起飞。
But you kept postponing your coming.
可你一直在推迟你的来访。
The boss deferred Mr Jackson's going home until next month.
老板将杰克逊探家的事推迟到下个月。
４）有些动词如advise, allow, permit, forbid等,要么用不定式作宾语补足语，否则动名词短语前的逻辑主语须用代词所有格。如：
I advised him to start at once.或I advised his starting at once.
我劝他立即出发。
We shouldn't allow them to park in the street. 或 We shouldn't allow their parking in the street.
我们不应该让他们把车停在街上。
The heavy rain forbade us to go out.或The heavy rain forbade our going
大雨使我们没法出去。
I have too much to do to permit my coming yet.
我有太多的事要做，这不允许我来。
顺便提到的是，当分词与句子的主语不一致时，大都也采用自己独立的逻辑主语，但均不涉及所有格，而动名词的逻辑主语很多场合只用所有格。因此，把主语、宾语中的动名词与状语、宾语补足语中的分词等进行比较，对于帮助使用逻辑主语是大有裨益的。试比较：
1) Many people's being absent made the chairman upset.
许多人缺席，这使主席伤脑筋。（动名词）
Many people being absent, the chairman felt quite upset.
由于许多人缺席，主席感到很是心烦。（分词）
2) I was ready to leave when she insisted on me/my staying for dinner.
我正准备离开的时候，她硬是留我吃饭。 （动名词）
I was wandering down the street when I caught him stealing.
逛街时，我突然碰上他正在行窃。（分词）
3) We're considering the child('s) going on a trip. 我们正在
考虑孩子旅游的事。 （动名词）
He smiled at the child running away.
他笑着看见那孩子跑开。 （分
I don't remember my mother complaining about it. 我不得我我母亲为此抱怨过。（口语） 但在某些特定的场合，所有格和宾格不宜互换。分别叙述如下：
１、（名词）普通格或（代词）宾格作动名词的逻辑主语
１）无生命的东西作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。如：
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.
平常开始上课时，在街上就可听得见书桌开关的声音。
If I bring my suits for dry-cleaning, is there any chance of it being ready this afternoon?
如果我将衣服拿来干洗，今天下午能成吗？
２）较长的名词词组或一个以上的人名作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。如：
I've never heard of a person of humour refusing to go to such a wonderful party.
我还从未听说过富有幽默感的人会拒绝参加这样棒的晚会。
Do you remember Jim and his uncle coming to see us last month?
你记得吉姆和他的叔叔上月来看过我们吗？
３）不定代词、指示代词或表时间的it作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。如：
I was astonished by someone knocking at the door.
（听见）有人敲门，我惊讶了。
She is looking forward to that being said at the meeting.
她正盼望这事儿在会上说说。
I'm surprised at it being so late.
我真想不到就这么晚了。
即使有互换的场合，也应注意更稳妥的表达。譬如：
She hates anyone smoking here in the room.
她讨厌任何人在这房间里抽烟。(较少用anyone's)
２、名词所有格或物主代词作动名词的逻辑主语
１）句首的逻辑主语，只用所有格或物主代词。如：
The soldier's being killed in the war is her one regret.
那位战士的阵亡是她的一件憾事。
只有在极其随便的谈话中才偶尔也用宾格，以避免重复。如：
Him recognizing his faults is a good thing.
他认错，这是好事嘛。
２）形式主语后的动名词，逻辑主语较多使用所有格或物主代词。如：
It's no use your pretending not to know the rules.
你装着不知道规章，这没用。
但如果逻辑主语以-s结尾的名词复数，则用名词普通格。如：
It's a catastrophe the bosses shutting all those factories.
老板们关闭了那所有的工厂，这是一大灾难。
３）少数动词（如 deny, delay, postpone, defer等）， 其后动名词的逻辑主语（包括无生命的东西），大都采用所有格或物主代词。如：
He denied their having ever been there.
他矢口否认他们曾到过那儿。
The dense fog delayed the plane's taking off.
大雾耽误了飞机起飞。
But you kept postponing your coming.
可你一直在推迟你的来访。
The boss deferred Mr Jackson's going home until next month.
老板将杰克逊探家的事推迟到下个月。
４）有些动词如advise, allow, permit, forbid等,要么用不定式作宾语补足语，否则动名词短语前的逻辑主语须用代词所有格。如：
I advised him to start at once.或I advised his starting at once.
我劝他立即出发。
We shouldn't allow them to park in the street. 或 We shouldn't allow their parking in the street.
我们不应该让他们把车停在街上。
The heavy rain forbade us to go out.或The heavy rain forbade our going
大雨使我们没法出去。
I have too much to do to permit my coming yet.
我有太多的事要做，这不允许我来。
顺便提到的是，当分词与句子的主语不一致时，大都也采用自己独立的逻辑主语，但均不涉及所有格，而动名词的逻辑主语很多场合只用所有格。因此，把主语、宾语中的动名词与状语、宾语补足语中的分词等进行比较，对于帮助使用逻辑主语是大有裨益的。试比较：
1) Many people's being absent made the chairman upset.
许多人缺席，这使主席伤脑筋。（动名词）
Many people being absent, the chairman felt quite upset.
由于许多人缺席，主席感到很是心烦。（分词）
2) I was ready to leave when she insisted on me/my staying for dinner.
我正准备离开的时候，她硬是留我吃饭。 （动名词）
I was wandering down the street when I caught him stealing.
逛街时，我突然碰上他正在行窃。（分词）
3) We're considering the child('s) going on a trip. 我们正在
考虑孩子旅游的事。 （动名词）
He smiled at the child running away.
他笑着看见那孩子跑开。 （分
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第1个回答 2013-08-18
动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似，但在表达意思上有差异。动名词作主语时，它已经将动作名词化了，已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了，动作意义很弱，比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强，多指"要是去做某事"，这种动作往往是"要发生的一次性动作",比较具体。例如：
Breathing became difficult at that altitude.
在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Cheating on an exam ruins one's character .
考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .
我从办公室回家要花十分钟。
It needs time to make three copies of it .
把它复制三份需要时间。
动名词作主语时，也常用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句型。
"It is …"的句型常用于说明"某种活动或是某件事情是如何，如何"。强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型"There is …"往往用于说明"不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在"。类似一种建议、命令等。例如：
It is no use waiting for him any longer .
等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice .
学而不实践是没好处的。
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light .
用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .
很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
There is no joking about such matters .
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .
不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is no littering about .
不许乱扔杂物。
Breathing became difficult at that altitude.
在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Cheating on an exam ruins one's character .
考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .
我从办公室回家要花十分钟。
It needs time to make three copies of it .
把它复制三份需要时间。
动名词作主语时，也常用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句型。
"It is …"的句型常用于说明"某种活动或是某件事情是如何，如何"。强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型"There is …"往往用于说明"不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在"。类似一种建议、命令等。例如：
It is no use waiting for him any longer .
等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice .
学而不实践是没好处的。
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light .
用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .
很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
There is no joking about such matters .
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .
不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is no littering about .
不许乱扔杂物。
