关于定语从句的连接词怎么选择!!还有分析了句子成分…怎么判断用哪个连接词

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英语语法之定语从句
  2008-04-01 | 分享
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  定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
  关系副词有:when, where, why等。
  18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
  1)who, whom, that
  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
  他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
  2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
  3)which, that
  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
  18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
  1)when, where, why
  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词 which"结构,因此常常和"介词 which"结构交替使用,例如:
  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
  2)that代替关系副词
  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词 which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
  He is unlikely
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2013年8月15日 20:35
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to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
  18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
  判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示 出。)
  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
  答案:例1 D,例2 A
  例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
  例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
  在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
  18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
  1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
  This is the house which we bought last month.
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“脂肪肝”严重影响人的寿命!
定语从句有及物动词用which,超好的! [0阅]
2013年8月15日 20:35
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这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
  The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
  2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
  3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
  说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
  18.5 介词 关系词 P>
  1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
  2)that前不能有介词。
  3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词 关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
  This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
  This is the house where I lived two years ago.
  Do you remember the da
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第1个回答  2013-08-19
连接词的选择主要是要先掌握先行词。所谓的先行词就是定语从句所要修饰的词,如果先行词在句子中指物就用that或which,如果指人就用who/whom.注意:此时先行词在从句里要充当成分:主语或宾语。如果先行词指时间,地点或原因,相应选用when,where,why注意:此时先行词在从句中充当状语。
ps:这些是出初中考察的知识的,如果你是高中生,那么相应的知识难度还会增大,有一些特殊用法包含在里面,你可以查找一些相关的知识

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