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Earphones (also known as headphones， earbuds, stereophones, headsets, or by the slang term cans or face plugs) are a pair of small loudspeakers, or less commonly a single speaker, with a way of holding them close to a user's ears and a means of connecting them to a stereophonic, monophonic or binaural audio-frequency signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio or CD player. In the context of telecommunication, the term headset is used to describe a combination of headphone and microphone used for two-way communication, for example with a telephone.
The telephone earpiece such as the one pictured at the right was common around the turn of the 20th century. From the earpiece developed the headphones. Sensitive headphones were the only way to listen to audio signals before amplifiers were developed.
Brandes radio headphones, circa 1920Very sensitive headphones such as those manufactured by Brandes around 1919 were commonly used for early radio work. These early headphones used moving iron drivers, either single ended or balanced armature. The requirement for high sensitivity meant no damping was used, thus the sound quality was crude. They also had very poor comfort compared to modern types, usually having no padding and too often having excessive clamping force to the head. Impedance varied, but 1,000 to 2,000 ohms was common, which suited both triodes and crystal sets.
When used with early powered radios, the headphone was normally connected to the positive high voltage battery terminal, and the other battery terminal was securely earthed. The use of bare electrical connections meant some users could be shocked if they touched the bare headphone connections while adjusting an uncomfortable headset.
At the time, pre-war headphones were called telephones, or sometimes phones, rather than headphones.
Headphones can be used both with fixed equipment such as CD or DVD players, home theater, personal computers and with portable devices (e.g. digital audio player/mp3 player, mobile phone, etc.). Some cordless headphones do not need to be connected via a wire, receiving a radio or infrared signal encoded using a radio or infrared transmission link, like FM, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. These are actually made of powered receiver systems of which the headphone is only a component.
Headphones are widely used for listening to audio sources for recreation. In the professional audio sector headphones are used in live situations by disc jockeys with a DJ mixer and sound engineers for monitoring signal sources. In radio studios, DJs use a pair of headphones when talking to the microphone while the speakers are turned off, to eliminate acoustic feedback and monitor their own voice. In studio recordings, musicians and singers use headphones to play along to a backing track. In the military, audio signals of many varieties are monitored using headphones.
Wired headphones are attached to an audio source. The most common connectors are 1/4" and 3.5 mm stereophonic jack plugs and sockets. The older 1/4" standard is used on professional equipment, and is often used on fixed equipment. Sony introduced the smaller, cheaper, and now widely-used, 3.5 mm "mini" stereo connector in 1979, adapting the older monophonic 3.5 mm connector for use with its Walkman portable stereo tape player. Adapters are available for converting between 1/4" and 3.5 mm devices.
[edit] Headsets
Main article: Headset (telephone/computer)
Headphones that include a microphone are more commonly known as Headsets, and are more often targeted for communication than recreational listening.[2] Communication headsets include mainly three types, wired telephone, computer and mobile telephone. Telephone headsets are usually connected to a fixed-line (PSTN) telephone terminal, replacing its handset, so users can talk on the phone while they work on other things. Telephone headsets are very commonly used in Call Centers and offices, but are sometimes used at home. Computer Headsets come in two types, standard 3.5 mm plugs for connecting to sound-card of a PC, or USB connection. Both types are very commonly used for VoIP communication, but USB headsets tend to have better sound quality. Gamers might choose to use a headset in order to both hear the game sounds and talk to their fellow gamers. Computer users who employ speech recognition software often use a headset. Mobile phone headsets come in two types, wired and wireless. Wired mobile phone headsets are sometimes called as "Mobile Handsfree", and are basically a pair of earphones with a microphone module connected to the cable. Wireless mobile handsfree also comes in different types, and the most common type nowadays is the Bluetooth headset that rides on the ear. Wireless and wired intercom units used by the coaching staff of professional sports and for broadcast control and event management often employ a headset attachment.
The telephone earpiece such as the one pictured at the right was common around the turn of the 20th century. From the earpiece developed the headphones. Sensitive headphones were the only way to listen to audio signals before amplifiers were developed.
Brandes radio headphones, circa 1920Very sensitive headphones such as those manufactured by Brandes around 1919 were commonly used for early radio work. These early headphones used moving iron drivers, either single ended or balanced armature. The requirement for high sensitivity meant no damping was used, thus the sound quality was crude. They also had very poor comfort compared to modern types, usually having no padding and too often having excessive clamping force to the head. Impedance varied, but 1,000 to 2,000 ohms was common, which suited both triodes and crystal sets.
When used with early powered radios, the headphone was normally connected to the positive high voltage battery terminal, and the other battery terminal was securely earthed. The use of bare electrical connections meant some users could be shocked if they touched the bare headphone connections while adjusting an uncomfortable headset.
At the time, pre-war headphones were called telephones, or sometimes phones, rather than headphones.
Headphones can be used both with fixed equipment such as CD or DVD players, home theater, personal computers and with portable devices (e.g. digital audio player/mp3 player, mobile phone, etc.). Some cordless headphones do not need to be connected via a wire, receiving a radio or infrared signal encoded using a radio or infrared transmission link, like FM, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. These are actually made of powered receiver systems of which the headphone is only a component.
Headphones are widely used for listening to audio sources for recreation. In the professional audio sector headphones are used in live situations by disc jockeys with a DJ mixer and sound engineers for monitoring signal sources. In radio studios, DJs use a pair of headphones when talking to the microphone while the speakers are turned off, to eliminate acoustic feedback and monitor their own voice. In studio recordings, musicians and singers use headphones to play along to a backing track. In the military, audio signals of many varieties are monitored using headphones.
Wired headphones are attached to an audio source. The most common connectors are 1/4" and 3.5 mm stereophonic jack plugs and sockets. The older 1/4" standard is used on professional equipment, and is often used on fixed equipment. Sony introduced the smaller, cheaper, and now widely-used, 3.5 mm "mini" stereo connector in 1979, adapting the older monophonic 3.5 mm connector for use with its Walkman portable stereo tape player. Adapters are available for converting between 1/4" and 3.5 mm devices.
[edit] Headsets
Main article: Headset (telephone/computer)
Headphones that include a microphone are more commonly known as Headsets, and are more often targeted for communication than recreational listening.[2] Communication headsets include mainly three types, wired telephone, computer and mobile telephone. Telephone headsets are usually connected to a fixed-line (PSTN) telephone terminal, replacing its handset, so users can talk on the phone while they work on other things. Telephone headsets are very commonly used in Call Centers and offices, but are sometimes used at home. Computer Headsets come in two types, standard 3.5 mm plugs for connecting to sound-card of a PC, or USB connection. Both types are very commonly used for VoIP communication, but USB headsets tend to have better sound quality. Gamers might choose to use a headset in order to both hear the game sounds and talk to their fellow gamers. Computer users who employ speech recognition software often use a headset. Mobile phone headsets come in two types, wired and wireless. Wired mobile phone headsets are sometimes called as "Mobile Handsfree", and are basically a pair of earphones with a microphone module connected to the cable. Wireless mobile handsfree also comes in different types, and the most common type nowadays is the Bluetooth headset that rides on the ear. Wireless and wired intercom units used by the coaching staff of professional sports and for broadcast control and event management often employ a headset attachment.
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第1个回答 2008-06-20
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