北京师范大学报（社会科学版）1993年第6期
论青年毛泽东人生价值观
李春秋
19世纪末20世纪初的中国，处在内忧外患、经济千疮百孔、政治舞台风云变幻、思想领域思潮活跃的动荡年代。
此时的毛泽东，恰同学少年，风华正茂；与志同道合者，在岳麓山下的爱晚亭，湘江之中的桔子洲头，指点江山，激扬文字，纵谈天下特别是中国前途命运之大事，寻求救国救民的真理。后来毛泽东在回忆当时的情形时说：“我的朋友们和我乐于谈论大事——人的性质，人类社会的性质，中国的性质，世界，宇宙！”（《毛泽东一九三六年同斯诺的谈话》人民出版社第29页）毛泽东正是在哲学上探索宇宙之“大本大源”的同时，从伦理学上探求人的本性，提出和确立自我完善的人生价值观的。
一
人类的发展是无数个体世代相传的结果，而人生则是人类个体生命活动的全过程，是个人能动地认识、改造自然和社会的全过程。在这个过程中，个人与他人，个人与社会之间，总要发生这样那样的关系和联系。所谓人生价值观，就是人们对自己在社会中所处地位和作用以及个人同他人、社会之间关系的认识和评价时，所持的基本观点或观念。
一个人生活在世界上应当怎样对待人生？应当怎样确定人生的目的和道路?应当怎样做人和做什么样的人?什么样的人生应当给以肯定的评价?什么样的人生则应当给以否定的评价?这些关于人生日的、人生价值和人生评价的思考，都体现了人生价值观。
毛泽东的青年时代，在意识形态领域，关于人生价值问题，已经引起了先进知识分子的关注。当时《新青年》杂志的不少文章，大声疾呼个性解放，以民主与科学为旗帜，对封建专制主义和封建伦理道德压制个性、摧残人生的非人道主义进行了猛烈抨击。特别是陈独秀，李大钊等人，鲜明地提出了维护国民独立人格和尊重国民人格和个人价值问题。在他们看来，要实现国民人格和个人价值，关键在于打破·圣哲之虚声”和“三纲之说”， “恢复独立自主之人格”，确立“自我之权威”，彻底消除专制主义、封建伦理思想对国民的钳制和戕害，唤起国民的个性意识和独立思辨力，并把其提高到了国家兴衰之高度。青年毛泽东正是在这种新思潮的推动下，形成了以个人为本位、以自我实现为核心、以身心的完善作为至善的人生价值观。
毛泽东主张个人本位、尊重人的价值。
毛泽东宣称： “以我立说，乃有起点，有本位，人我并称，无起点，失却本位。”他甚至直接把个体(个人)等同于实在， “我即实在，实在即我；我有意识者也，即实在有意识者也。世界固有人有物，然皆因我而存也。我眼一闭，固不见物也”。由此断言： “宇宙亦一个人也。” (《伦理学原理》批语。下文凡引自该书的语录均不加注)从这种唯意志论出发，毛泽东认为，国家由个人组成，先有个人后有国家，因而个人应重于国家、高于国家。
而社会亦为个人而设，非个人为社会而设。 “故个人社会国家皆个人也”。个人高于国家、社会，国家、社会应当服从个人。因此，毛泽东认为，人的价值在于个人价值，万物的价值皆依存于个人价值。他写道： “个人有无上之价值，有万般之价值，……使无个人 (或个体)则无宇宙，故谓个人之价值大于宇宙之价值可也。”正因为个人有无上的价值，也就成为国家、社会，乃至宇宙之万物的价值尺度。
Beijing Normal University reported (Social Science Edition) 1993 No. 6
On the values of life of young Mao Zedong
Li Chunqiu
The end of the 19th century and early 20th century China, in both internal and external problems, the economy beset with changing the political arena, the ideological field of the turbulent era of active thought.
At this time of Mao Zedong,, in their prime; with like-minded persons, in Yuelu Yamashita love late kiosks, Xiangjiang among orange Chau Tau, pointing Jiangshan the world, especially China's major event in the future and destiny, seek salvaging the country the truth. Later, Mao Zedong in the memories of the situation at the time said: "My friends and I am happy to talk about the event - human nature, the nature of human society, the nature of China, the world, the universe!" ( "Mao Zedong in 1936 with Sri Lanka Connaught's "People's Publishing House, p. 29) It is in Mao Zedong's philosophical exploration of the universe's" big big source "at the same time, from the ethics on human nature to explore, propose and establish the values of self-perfection in life.
A
Human development is the result of countless individuals from generation to generation, and life is the individual human life the whole process is a personal understanding of the dynamic, natural and social transformation of the entire process. In this process, individuals and others, between individuals and society, always have to happen as of relationships and linkages. The so-called values of life is that the people of their position in society, the status and role, as well as individuals with others, social awareness and the relationship between the evaluation, reflect on the essence of views or ideas.
A person living in the world should be how to deal with life? How should we determine the purpose of life and roads? How should we behave and what kind of person? What kind of life should be given positive evaluation? What kind of life should be given a negative evaluation? These persons birthday, life values and life assessment of thinking, have embodied the values of life.
Mao Zedong's youth, in the ideological field, on the value of life issues, has aroused the concern of advanced intellectuals. At that time, "New Youth" magazine, many articles, call the liberation of personality to the banner of democracy and science of feudal despotism and feudal ethics to suppress individuality, destroy life, non-humanitarian carried out under fierce attack. In particular, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, clearly pointed out that the maintenance of national independence and respect for the national character of personality and personal values. In their view, to achieve a national personality and personal values, the key is to break the virtual sound of Sage "and"said, "" the restoration of independence of character "to establish" self-authority, "the total elimination of despotism, feudalism Ethical thinking of the people and the harm caused to clamp down on, to arouse people's sense of individuality and independent thinking ability, and its up to the height of the rise and fall of the country. It is in this young Mao Zedong, under the impetus of new ideas, forming a personal-based to self-realization as the core, in order to improve the physical and mental values of life as perfect.
Mao Zedong advocated personal based, respect for human values.
Mao Zedong declared: "I-li said that there is a starting point, the whole nation, people, I said, no starting point, the loss-based." He even directly to the individual (personal) is equivalent to "I that is really, really that is me; I also conscious that there is also awareness. there were inherent in the world, but also because I rather keep. I closed my eyes, no solid objects also. " This assertion: "the universe is also a people." ( "Ethics of the principle of" criticism. Below where a quote from the book will not add quotations) voluntarism from this point, Mao Zedong believed that the composition of the country by individuals, after the first individual countries, and therefore should be placed before the individual countries, higher than the national.
For individuals and the community-based, non-individual-based society. "Therefore, individual countries are individuals of society." Individual higher than the national, social, national, society should be subordinated to the individual. Therefore, Mao Zedong believed that people's value lies in their personal values and the value of all living things are dependent on personal values. He wrote: "whether or not on the value of the individual, there are all the different kinds of value ... ... so that no individual (or individuals) is not the universe, so that the value of personal value is greater than the universe can be also." It is precisely because of the availability of the individual value, it is a national, social, and even the universe of all things measure of value.
On the values of life of young Mao Zedong
Li Chunqiu
The end of the 19th century and early 20th century China, in both internal and external problems, the economy beset with changing the political arena, the ideological field of the turbulent era of active thought.
At this time of Mao Zedong,, in their prime; with like-minded persons, in Yuelu Yamashita love late kiosks, Xiangjiang among orange Chau Tau, pointing Jiangshan the world, especially China's major event in the future and destiny, seek salvaging the country the truth. Later, Mao Zedong in the memories of the situation at the time said: "My friends and I am happy to talk about the event - human nature, the nature of human society, the nature of China, the world, the universe!" ( "Mao Zedong in 1936 with Sri Lanka Connaught's "People's Publishing House, p. 29) It is in Mao Zedong's philosophical exploration of the universe's" big big source "at the same time, from the ethics on human nature to explore, propose and establish the values of self-perfection in life.
A
Human development is the result of countless individuals from generation to generation, and life is the individual human life the whole process is a personal understanding of the dynamic, natural and social transformation of the entire process. In this process, individuals and others, between individuals and society, always have to happen as of relationships and linkages. The so-called values of life is that the people of their position in society, the status and role, as well as individuals with others, social awareness and the relationship between the evaluation, reflect on the essence of views or ideas.
A person living in the world should be how to deal with life? How should we determine the purpose of life and roads? How should we behave and what kind of person? What kind of life should be given positive evaluation? What kind of life should be given a negative evaluation? These persons birthday, life values and life assessment of thinking, have embodied the values of life.
Mao Zedong's youth, in the ideological field, on the value of life issues, has aroused the concern of advanced intellectuals. At that time, "New Youth" magazine, many articles, call the liberation of personality to the banner of democracy and science of feudal despotism and feudal ethics to suppress individuality, destroy life, non-humanitarian carried out under fierce attack. In particular, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, clearly pointed out that the maintenance of national independence and respect for the national character of personality and personal values. In their view, to achieve a national personality and personal values, the key is to break the virtual sound of Sage "and"said, "" the restoration of independence of character "to establish" self-authority, "the total elimination of despotism, feudalism Ethical thinking of the people and the harm caused to clamp down on, to arouse people's sense of individuality and independent thinking ability, and its up to the height of the rise and fall of the country. It is in this young Mao Zedong, under the impetus of new ideas, forming a personal-based to self-realization as the core, in order to improve the physical and mental values of life as perfect.
Mao Zedong advocated personal based, respect for human values.
Mao Zedong declared: "I-li said that there is a starting point, the whole nation, people, I said, no starting point, the loss-based." He even directly to the individual (personal) is equivalent to "I that is really, really that is me; I also conscious that there is also awareness. there were inherent in the world, but also because I rather keep. I closed my eyes, no solid objects also. " This assertion: "the universe is also a people." ( "Ethics of the principle of" criticism. Below where a quote from the book will not add quotations) voluntarism from this point, Mao Zedong believed that the composition of the country by individuals, after the first individual countries, and therefore should be placed before the individual countries, higher than the national.
For individuals and the community-based, non-individual-based society. "Therefore, individual countries are individuals of society." Individual higher than the national, social, national, society should be subordinated to the individual. Therefore, Mao Zedong believed that people's value lies in their personal values and the value of all living things are dependent on personal values. He wrote: "whether or not on the value of the individual, there are all the different kinds of value ... ... so that no individual (or individuals) is not the universe, so that the value of personal value is greater than the universe can be also." It is precisely because of the availability of the individual value, it is a national, social, and even the universe of all things measure of value.
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第1个回答 2008-12-27
Beijing Normal University reported (Social Science Edition) 1993 No. 6
On the values of life of young Mao Zedong
Li Chunqiu
The end of the 19th century and early 20th century China, in both internal and external problems, the economy beset with changing the political arena, the ideological field of the turbulent era of active thought.
At this time of Mao Zedong,恰同学少年, in their prime; with like-minded persons, in Yuelu Yamashita love late kiosks, Xiangjiang among orange Chau Tau, pointing Jiangshan,激扬文字,纵谈the world, especially China's major event in the future and destiny, seek salvaging the country the truth. Later, Mao Zedong in the memories of the situation at the time said: "My friends and I am happy to talk about the event - human nature, the nature of human society, the nature of China, the world, the universe!" ( "Mao Zedong in 1936 with Sri Lanka Connaught's "People's Publishing House, p. 29) It is in Mao Zedong's philosophical exploration of the universe's" big big source "at the same time, from the ethics on human nature to explore, propose and establish the values of self-perfection in life.
A
Human development is the result of countless individuals from generation to generation, and life is the individual human life the whole process is a personal understanding of the dynamic, natural and social transformation of the entire process. In this process, individuals and others, between individuals and society, always have to happen as of relationships and linkages. The so-called values of life is that the people of their position in society, the status and role, as well as individuals with others, social awareness and the relationship between the evaluation, reflect on the essence of views or ideas.
A person living in the world should be how to deal with life? How should we determine the purpose of life and roads? How should we behave and what kind of person? What kind of life should be given positive evaluation? What kind of life should be given a negative evaluation? These persons birthday, life values and life assessment of thinking, have embodied the values of life.
Mao Zedong's youth, in the ideological field, on the value of life issues, has aroused the concern of advanced intellectuals. At that time, "New Youth" magazine, many articles, call the liberation of personality to the banner of democracy and science of feudal despotism and feudal ethics to suppress individuality, destroy life, non-humanitarian carried out under fierce attack. In particular, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, clearly pointed out that the maintenance of national independence and respect for the national character of personality and personal values. In their view, to achieve a national personality and personal values, the key is to break the virtual sound of Sage "and"三纲said, "" the restoration of independence of character "to establish" self-authority, "the total elimination of despotism, feudalism Ethical thinking of the people and the harm caused to clamp down on, to arouse people's sense of individuality and independent thinking ability, and its up to the height of the rise and fall of the country. It is in this young Mao Zedong, under the impetus of new ideas, forming a personal-based to self-realization as the core, in order to improve the physical and mental values of life as perfect.
Mao Zedong advocated personal based, respect for human values.
Mao Zedong declared: "I-li said that there is a starting point, the whole nation, people, I said, no starting point, the loss-based." He even directly to the individual (personal) is equivalent to "I that is really, really that is me; I also conscious that there is also awareness. there were inherent in the world, but also because I rather keep. I closed my eyes, no solid objects also. " This assertion: "the universe is also a people." ( "Ethics of the principle of" criticism. Below where a quote from the book will not add quotations) voluntarism from this point, Mao Zedong believed that the composition of the country by individuals, after the first individual countries, and therefore should be placed before the individual countries, higher than the national.
For individuals and the community-based, non-individual-based society. "Therefore, individual countries are individuals of society." Individual higher than the national, social, national, society should be subordinated to the individual. Therefore, Mao Zedong believed that people's value lies in their personal values and the value of all living things are dependent on personal values. He wrote: "whether or not on the value of the individual, there are all the different kinds of value ... ... so that no individual (or individuals) is not the universe, so that the value of personal value is greater than the universe can be also." It is precisely because of the availability of the individual value, it is a national, social, and even the universe of all things measure of value.
On the values of life of young Mao Zedong
Li Chunqiu
The end of the 19th century and early 20th century China, in both internal and external problems, the economy beset with changing the political arena, the ideological field of the turbulent era of active thought.
At this time of Mao Zedong,恰同学少年, in their prime; with like-minded persons, in Yuelu Yamashita love late kiosks, Xiangjiang among orange Chau Tau, pointing Jiangshan,激扬文字,纵谈the world, especially China's major event in the future and destiny, seek salvaging the country the truth. Later, Mao Zedong in the memories of the situation at the time said: "My friends and I am happy to talk about the event - human nature, the nature of human society, the nature of China, the world, the universe!" ( "Mao Zedong in 1936 with Sri Lanka Connaught's "People's Publishing House, p. 29) It is in Mao Zedong's philosophical exploration of the universe's" big big source "at the same time, from the ethics on human nature to explore, propose and establish the values of self-perfection in life.
A
Human development is the result of countless individuals from generation to generation, and life is the individual human life the whole process is a personal understanding of the dynamic, natural and social transformation of the entire process. In this process, individuals and others, between individuals and society, always have to happen as of relationships and linkages. The so-called values of life is that the people of their position in society, the status and role, as well as individuals with others, social awareness and the relationship between the evaluation, reflect on the essence of views or ideas.
A person living in the world should be how to deal with life? How should we determine the purpose of life and roads? How should we behave and what kind of person? What kind of life should be given positive evaluation? What kind of life should be given a negative evaluation? These persons birthday, life values and life assessment of thinking, have embodied the values of life.
Mao Zedong's youth, in the ideological field, on the value of life issues, has aroused the concern of advanced intellectuals. At that time, "New Youth" magazine, many articles, call the liberation of personality to the banner of democracy and science of feudal despotism and feudal ethics to suppress individuality, destroy life, non-humanitarian carried out under fierce attack. In particular, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, clearly pointed out that the maintenance of national independence and respect for the national character of personality and personal values. In their view, to achieve a national personality and personal values, the key is to break the virtual sound of Sage "and"三纲said, "" the restoration of independence of character "to establish" self-authority, "the total elimination of despotism, feudalism Ethical thinking of the people and the harm caused to clamp down on, to arouse people's sense of individuality and independent thinking ability, and its up to the height of the rise and fall of the country. It is in this young Mao Zedong, under the impetus of new ideas, forming a personal-based to self-realization as the core, in order to improve the physical and mental values of life as perfect.
Mao Zedong advocated personal based, respect for human values.
Mao Zedong declared: "I-li said that there is a starting point, the whole nation, people, I said, no starting point, the loss-based." He even directly to the individual (personal) is equivalent to "I that is really, really that is me; I also conscious that there is also awareness. there were inherent in the world, but also because I rather keep. I closed my eyes, no solid objects also. " This assertion: "the universe is also a people." ( "Ethics of the principle of" criticism. Below where a quote from the book will not add quotations) voluntarism from this point, Mao Zedong believed that the composition of the country by individuals, after the first individual countries, and therefore should be placed before the individual countries, higher than the national.
For individuals and the community-based, non-individual-based society. "Therefore, individual countries are individuals of society." Individual higher than the national, social, national, society should be subordinated to the individual. Therefore, Mao Zedong believed that people's value lies in their personal values and the value of all living things are dependent on personal values. He wrote: "whether or not on the value of the individual, there are all the different kinds of value ... ... so that no individual (or individuals) is not the universe, so that the value of personal value is greater than the universe can be also." It is precisely because of the availability of the individual value, it is a national, social, and even the universe of all things measure of value.
第2个回答 2009-01-04
Beijing Normal University reported (Social Science Edition) 1993 No. 6
On the values of life of young Mao Zedong
Li Chunqiu
The end of the 19th century and early 20th century China, in both internal and external problems, the economy beset with changing the political arena, the ideological field of the turbulent era of active thought.
At this time of Mao Zedong,恰同学少年, in their prime; with like-minded persons, in Yuelu Yamashita love late kiosks, Xiangjiang among orange Chau Tau, pointing Jiangshan,激扬文字,纵谈the world, especially China's major event in the future and destiny, seek salvaging the country the truth. Later, Mao Zedong in the memories of the situation at the time said: "My friends and I am happy to talk about the event - human nature, the nature of human society, the nature of China, the world, the universe!" ( "Mao Zedong in 1936 with Sri Lanka Connaught's "People's Publishing House, p. 29) It is in Mao Zedong's philosophical exploration of the universe's" big big source "at the same time, from the ethics on human nature to explore, propose and establish the values of self-perfection in life.
A
Human development is the result of countless individuals from generation to generation, and life is the individual human life the whole process is a personal understanding of the dynamic, natural and social transformation of the entire process. In this process, individuals and others, between individuals and society, always have to happen as of relationships and linkages. The so-called values of life is that the people of their position in society, the status and role, as well as individuals with others, social awareness and the relationship between the evaluation, reflect on the essence of views or ideas.
A person living in the world should be how to deal with life? How should we determine the purpose of life and roads? How should we behave and what kind of person? What kind of life should be given positive evaluation? What kind of life should be given a negative evaluation? These persons birthday, life values and life assessment of thinking, have embodied the values of life.
Mao Zedong's youth, in the ideological field, on the value of life issues, has aroused the concern of advanced intellectuals. At that time, "New Youth" magazine, many articles, call the liberation of personality to the banner of democracy and science of feudal despotism and feudal ethics to suppress individuality, destroy life, non-humanitarian carried out under fierce attack. In particular, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, clearly pointed out that the maintenance of national independence and respect for the national character of personality and personal values. In their view, to achieve a national personality and personal values, the key is to break the virtual sound of Sage "and"三纲said, "" the restoration of independence of character "to establish" self-authority, "the total elimination of despotism, feudalism Ethical thinking of the people and the harm caused to clamp down on, to arouse people's sense of individuality and independent thinking ability, and its up to the height of the rise and fall of the country. It is in this young Mao Zedong, under the impetus of new ideas, forming a personal-based to self-realization as the core, in order to improve the physical and mental values of life as perfect.
Mao Zedong advocated personal based, respect for human values.
Mao Zedong declared: "I-li said that there is a starting point, the whole nation, people, I said, no starting point, the loss-based." He even directly to the individual (personal) is equivalent to "I that is really, really that is me; I also conscious that there is also awareness. there were inherent in the world, but also because I rather keep. I closed my eyes, no solid objects also. " This assertion: "the universe is also a people." ( "Ethics of the principle of" criticism. Below where a quote from the book will not add quotations) voluntarism from this point, Mao Zedong believed that the composition of the country by individuals, after the first individual countries, and therefore should be placed before the individual countries, higher than the national.
For individuals and the community-based, non-individual-based society. "Therefore, individual countries are individuals of society." Individual higher than the national, social, national, society should be subordinated to the individual. Therefore, Mao Zedong believed that people's value lies in their personal values and the value of all living things are dependent on personal values. He wrote: "whether or not on the value of the individual, there are all the different kinds of value ... ... so that no individual (or individuals) is not the universe, so that the value of personal value is greater than the universe can be also." It is precisely because of the availability of the individual value, it is a national, social, and even the universe of all things measure of value.
On the values of life of young Mao Zedong
Li Chunqiu
The end of the 19th century and early 20th century China, in both internal and external problems, the economy beset with changing the political arena, the ideological field of the turbulent era of active thought.
At this time of Mao Zedong,恰同学少年, in their prime; with like-minded persons, in Yuelu Yamashita love late kiosks, Xiangjiang among orange Chau Tau, pointing Jiangshan,激扬文字,纵谈the world, especially China's major event in the future and destiny, seek salvaging the country the truth. Later, Mao Zedong in the memories of the situation at the time said: "My friends and I am happy to talk about the event - human nature, the nature of human society, the nature of China, the world, the universe!" ( "Mao Zedong in 1936 with Sri Lanka Connaught's "People's Publishing House, p. 29) It is in Mao Zedong's philosophical exploration of the universe's" big big source "at the same time, from the ethics on human nature to explore, propose and establish the values of self-perfection in life.
A
Human development is the result of countless individuals from generation to generation, and life is the individual human life the whole process is a personal understanding of the dynamic, natural and social transformation of the entire process. In this process, individuals and others, between individuals and society, always have to happen as of relationships and linkages. The so-called values of life is that the people of their position in society, the status and role, as well as individuals with others, social awareness and the relationship between the evaluation, reflect on the essence of views or ideas.
A person living in the world should be how to deal with life? How should we determine the purpose of life and roads? How should we behave and what kind of person? What kind of life should be given positive evaluation? What kind of life should be given a negative evaluation? These persons birthday, life values and life assessment of thinking, have embodied the values of life.
Mao Zedong's youth, in the ideological field, on the value of life issues, has aroused the concern of advanced intellectuals. At that time, "New Youth" magazine, many articles, call the liberation of personality to the banner of democracy and science of feudal despotism and feudal ethics to suppress individuality, destroy life, non-humanitarian carried out under fierce attack. In particular, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, clearly pointed out that the maintenance of national independence and respect for the national character of personality and personal values. In their view, to achieve a national personality and personal values, the key is to break the virtual sound of Sage "and"三纲said, "" the restoration of independence of character "to establish" self-authority, "the total elimination of despotism, feudalism Ethical thinking of the people and the harm caused to clamp down on, to arouse people's sense of individuality and independent thinking ability, and its up to the height of the rise and fall of the country. It is in this young Mao Zedong, under the impetus of new ideas, forming a personal-based to self-realization as the core, in order to improve the physical and mental values of life as perfect.
Mao Zedong advocated personal based, respect for human values.
Mao Zedong declared: "I-li said that there is a starting point, the whole nation, people, I said, no starting point, the loss-based." He even directly to the individual (personal) is equivalent to "I that is really, really that is me; I also conscious that there is also awareness. there were inherent in the world, but also because I rather keep. I closed my eyes, no solid objects also. " This assertion: "the universe is also a people." ( "Ethics of the principle of" criticism. Below where a quote from the book will not add quotations) voluntarism from this point, Mao Zedong believed that the composition of the country by individuals, after the first individual countries, and therefore should be placed before the individual countries, higher than the national.
For individuals and the community-based, non-individual-based society. "Therefore, individual countries are individuals of society." Individual higher than the national, social, national, society should be subordinated to the individual. Therefore, Mao Zedong believed that people's value lies in their personal values and the value of all living things are dependent on personal values. He wrote: "whether or not on the value of the individual, there are all the different kinds of value ... ... so that no individual (or individuals) is not the universe, so that the value of personal value is greater than the universe can be also." It is precisely because of the availability of the individual value, it is a national, social, and even the universe of all things measure of value.
第3个回答 2008-12-28
你叫一个会中文的外国老师教你吧 好难啊 我也想帮你的
