如题所述
独立主格,首先它是一个“格”,而不是一个“句子”,在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构,而在这个结构中,没有真正的主语和谓语动词,但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系,因而成为考试尤其选择题中的一个难点。
英语独立主格常见类型介绍 独立主格类型1:名词(代词)+现在分词
The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后,我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2:名词(代词)+过去分词
The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3:名词(代词)+不定式
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。
独立主格类型4:名词(代词)+介词短语
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
独立主格类型5:名词(代词)+形容词或副词
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半开着。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前,衣领已解掉,头低了下来,拿好钢笔,准备开始写一封长信。
独立主格类型6:There being +名词(代词)
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。
独立主格类型7:It being +名词(代词)
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。
请看下面一道题
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此题很容易误选B,许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句,whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看,似乎天衣无缝,但实质上是错的,原因是空格后根本不是一个句子,因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词,但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为,其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词(错了 实际上在这里是过去分词的形式 表示一种经常性的伴随状况),但是注意,seat 用作动词时,它总是及物的,其后要么接宾语,要么它就用于被动语态,所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is,则可以选择B(当然若将 seated 改为sitting,也应选择B)。所以此题最佳答案选A。
英语独立主格常见类型介绍 独立主格类型1:名词(代词)+现在分词
The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后,我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2:名词(代词)+过去分词
The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3:名词(代词)+不定式
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。
独立主格类型4:名词(代词)+介词短语
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
独立主格类型5:名词(代词)+形容词或副词
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半开着。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前,衣领已解掉,头低了下来,拿好钢笔,准备开始写一封长信。
独立主格类型6:There being +名词(代词)
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。
独立主格类型7:It being +名词(代词)
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。
请看下面一道题
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此题很容易误选B,许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句,whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看,似乎天衣无缝,但实质上是错的,原因是空格后根本不是一个句子,因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词,但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为,其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词(错了 实际上在这里是过去分词的形式 表示一种经常性的伴随状况),但是注意,seat 用作动词时,它总是及物的,其后要么接宾语,要么它就用于被动语态,所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is,则可以选择B(当然若将 seated 改为sitting,也应选择B)。所以此题最佳答案选A。
参考资料:http://wenku.baidu.com/view/922a6d34ee06eff9aef807ea.html
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第1个回答 2012-07-29
“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。
“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语 。
希望能帮助到你~本回答被提问者采纳
“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语 。
希望能帮助到你~本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答 2012-07-29
独立主格结构无疑是英文文法的难点之一。要掌握这一语法架构需要明确以下几个问题:
1.什么是独立主格结构?答:语法上与主句脱离但在意义上与主句联系紧密的一个从句。
2.独立主格结构干什么的?答:这就是个状语从句。
3.独立主格结构放哪里呢?答:句首、句中、句尾都可以。
4.独立主格结构:16种
1)名词(代词主格)+ 名词
Stone our teacher, we are proud of him.
2) 名词(代词主格)+ 现在分词/过去分词
Weather permitting, we will have a picnic.
All things considered,it is not such a bad deal.
3)名词(代词)+ 形容词
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside.
4)名词(代词)+ 副词
He put on his socks, wrong side out.
5) 名词(代词)+ 不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
6)名词(代词)+ 介词短语
She stood silent, her head slightly on one side.
7) it + being + adj
It being a fine day, we decided to go outing.
8) there being/having been + 名词
There being no bus now, we have to go home on foot.
9) with + 名词/代词 + 名词
He came into the classroom, with his cap in hand.
10) with + 名词/代词 + 代词
With this half mine, and that half yours, let's sit down and eat them up.
11) with + 名词/代词 + adj
Stone likes to sleep with the windows open.
12) with + 名词/代词 + 副词
With everybody here, let's begin our seminar.
13) with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语
The soldiers marched on with guns on their shoulders.
14) with + 名词/代词 + 不定式
With only two days to go, we can't stop doing it.
15) with + 名词/代词 + 现在分词/过去分词
Stone fell asleep, with all the lights burning.
16) without 引导的
without anyone noticing, i slipped through the window.
1.什么是独立主格结构?答:语法上与主句脱离但在意义上与主句联系紧密的一个从句。
2.独立主格结构干什么的?答:这就是个状语从句。
3.独立主格结构放哪里呢?答:句首、句中、句尾都可以。
4.独立主格结构:16种
1)名词(代词主格)+ 名词
Stone our teacher, we are proud of him.
2) 名词(代词主格)+ 现在分词/过去分词
Weather permitting, we will have a picnic.
All things considered,it is not such a bad deal.
3)名词(代词)+ 形容词
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside.
4)名词(代词)+ 副词
He put on his socks, wrong side out.
5) 名词(代词)+ 不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
6)名词(代词)+ 介词短语
She stood silent, her head slightly on one side.
7) it + being + adj
It being a fine day, we decided to go outing.
8) there being/having been + 名词
There being no bus now, we have to go home on foot.
9) with + 名词/代词 + 名词
He came into the classroom, with his cap in hand.
10) with + 名词/代词 + 代词
With this half mine, and that half yours, let's sit down and eat them up.
11) with + 名词/代词 + adj
Stone likes to sleep with the windows open.
12) with + 名词/代词 + 副词
With everybody here, let's begin our seminar.
13) with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语
The soldiers marched on with guns on their shoulders.
14) with + 名词/代词 + 不定式
With only two days to go, we can't stop doing it.
15) with + 名词/代词 + 现在分词/过去分词
Stone fell asleep, with all the lights burning.
16) without 引导的
without anyone noticing, i slipped through the window.
第3个回答 2012-07-29
我想用简单的语言,说说我的理解,希望对你有帮助
独立主格就是,句子中独立出来的一部分,它的主语和句子的主语不是一样的,所以叫独立主格,也就是他有自己的主语。
如:Because it(从句主语)is Sunday, you(主句主语) needn't go to school.
【原因状语从句的】 【主句】
因为今天是周日,所以你不需要去上学。
可以用独立主格的结构表达相同的意思,如下:
It being Sunday, you needn't go to school.
【独立主格结构,在句子中做原因状语】
it 是 being 逻辑上的主语,即:独立主格结构中的主语,和句子的主语(you) 不相同
完全手打,不知道能否帮到你,欢迎继续追问 \(^o^)/~
独立主格就是,句子中独立出来的一部分,它的主语和句子的主语不是一样的,所以叫独立主格,也就是他有自己的主语。
如:Because it(从句主语)is Sunday, you(主句主语) needn't go to school.
【原因状语从句的】 【主句】
因为今天是周日,所以你不需要去上学。
可以用独立主格的结构表达相同的意思,如下:
It being Sunday, you needn't go to school.
【独立主格结构,在句子中做原因状语】
it 是 being 逻辑上的主语,即:独立主格结构中的主语,和句子的主语(you) 不相同
完全手打,不知道能否帮到你,欢迎继续追问 \(^o^)/~
第4个回答 2012-07-29
选A a dog following him是独立主格 B . a dog followed him是一个句子,缺少连词and,无法与前句连接起来 c. being followed by a dog 是现在分词,