如题所述
一、作主语
不定式与动名词均可作主语,两者常可换用。例如: Cleaning the playground / To clean the playground is her fulltime job. 打扫操场的卫生是她的专职工作。 To watch / Watching them play football is very interesting. 看他们踢足球是很有趣的。
2. 注意前后一致的原则,如主语是不定式或动名词,表语也用不定式或动名词。例如: To see her is to love her.谁看见她都会喜欢她。 Saving is having. 节约即是收入。 3. 但如果作主语的不定式是固定的说法,或表示一种强烈的对比,或指具体的某次动作等时,通常不用动名词代替不定式。例如: To love others is to be loved. 爱人即爱己。(表示对比) To learn a language in one month is impossible. 在一个月内学会一门语言是不可能的。(表示某次具体的动作)
二、作表语
不定式和动名词均可作表语,解释或说明主语的具体内容,两者常可换用,但需要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如: My work is looking after / to look after the children.我的工作是照看这些孩子。 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。(比较:Living is doing something worthwhile.)
2. 如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言,或表示"同意;命令;决定;劝告"等意,则往往用不定式作表语。例如: The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。 You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们必须明天交练习。
三、作宾语
有些动词后可接动名词作宾语,但不可接不定式作宾语;有些动词则反之。详细内容见本报第1期第1面"动词不定式过关指导"。
2. begin, start, hate, like, love, prefer 等动词后接不定式与接动名词区别不大,但这类动词与 should 或 would 连用时,只接不定式;begin 或 start 用于进行时态时,后面常常接不定式。例如: I don't like troubling / to trouble him. 我不想去麻烦他。 Would you like to leave a message? 你要不要留个话儿?
3. 某些动词后接动名词与接不定式意义不同。这类动词常用的有 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean 等。如 remember, forget 后接不定式表示未发生的动作,接动名词表示已发生的动作;regret 后接不定式表示"遗憾;抱歉",常与 to say, to tell, to inform 等连用, 后接动名词指对已发生的事表示"后悔或悔恨";stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事", stop doing sth. 表示"停止做某事";try to do sth. 表示"试图做某事",try doing sth. 表示"试试做某事";mean to do sth. 表示"有意或打算做某事", mean doing sth. 表示"意味着……"。例如: I remember seeing you somewhere in Guilin.我记得在桂林的什么地方见到过你。(seeing 这个动作已经发生) Remember to mail the letter for me. 记住帮我寄这封信。(to mail 这个动作尚未发生)
4. want 及 need 表示主语"想或需要"做某事,后接不定式的主动式作宾语;want, need 及 require 表示主语"需要"被作某种处置,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式均可。例如: I want to paint the wall. 我想粉刷这堵墙。 The wall wants painting / to be painted. 这墙需要粉刷了。
四、作定语
动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途。例如: No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。
2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。例如: That will be the only thing to do now. 那恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。 Is that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗?
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一般情况下,to do 是一般将来式,是打算去做什么 ;
doing 是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么,
也有例外,具体情况具体分析.
to do和doing 意义各不同
1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事.
stop doing 停止做某事.
They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟.
I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了.
2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事.(未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事.(已做)
The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了.(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了.( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来.(to come动作未做)
3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局.
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对要做的事遗憾.(未做)
regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔.(已做)
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法.I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔.
5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事.
cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做.
That department has ceased to exist forever.那个部门已不复存在.
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天.
6 try doing/to do try to do 努力,企图做某事.try doing 试验,试着做某事.
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心. I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功.
7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事.
go on doing 继续做原来做的事.
After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics.做完数学后,他接着去做物理.
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习
8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为"怕";
be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果.doing 是客观上造成的,意为"生怕,恐怕".
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步.
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫.
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫.
9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事.
interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法.
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事.(想了解) I'm interested in working in Switzerland.Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣.你想过这事吗?(一种想法)
10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想
mean doing 意味着
I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去.
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力.
11 begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.
1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴?
2) begin,start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry.我开始生起气来.
3) 在attempt,intend,begin,start 后接know,understand,realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do.
I begin to understand the truth.我开始明白真相.
4) 物作主语时 It began to melt.
12 感官动词 + doing/to do 感官动词
see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了.(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作) 昨天我见他正在花园里干活.
希望对你有帮助。请采纳。
一、作主语
不定式与动名词均可作主语,两者常可换用。例如: Cleaning the playground / To clean the playground is her fulltime job. 打扫操场的卫生是她的专职工作。 To watch / Watching them play football is very interesting. 看他们踢足球是很有趣的。
2. 注意前后一致的原则,如主语是不定式或动名词,表语也用不定式或动名词。例如: To see her is to love her.谁看见她都会喜欢她。 Saving is having. 节约即是收入。 3. 但如果作主语的不定式是固定的说法,或表示一种强烈的对比,或指具体的某次动作等时,通常不用动名词代替不定式。例如: To love others is to be loved. 爱人即爱己。(表示对比) To learn a language in one month is impossible. 在一个月内学会一门语言是不可能的。(表示某次具体的动作)
二、作表语
不定式和动名词均可作表语,解释或说明主语的具体内容,两者常可换用,但需要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如: My work is looking after / to look after the children.我的工作是照看这些孩子。 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。(比较:Living is doing something worthwhile.)
2. 如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言,或表示"同意;命令;决定;劝告"等意,则往往用不定式作表语。例如: The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。 You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们必须明天交练习。
三、作宾语
有些动词后可接动名词作宾语,但不可接不定式作宾语;有些动词则反之。详细内容见本报第1期第1面"动词不定式过关指导"。
2. begin, start, hate, like, love, prefer 等动词后接不定式与接动名词区别不大,但这类动词与 should 或 would 连用时,只接不定式;begin 或 start 用于进行时态时,后面常常接不定式。例如: I don't like troubling / to trouble him. 我不想去麻烦他。 Would you like to leave a message? 你要不要留个话儿?
3. 某些动词后接动名词与接不定式意义不同。这类动词常用的有 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean 等。如 remember, forget 后接不定式表示未发生的动作,接动名词表示已发生的动作;regret 后接不定式表示"遗憾;抱歉",常与 to say, to tell, to inform 等连用, 后接动名词指对已发生的事表示"后悔或悔恨";stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事", stop doing sth. 表示"停止做某事";try to do sth. 表示"试图做某事",try doing sth. 表示"试试做某事";mean to do sth. 表示"有意或打算做某事", mean doing sth. 表示"意味着……"。例如: I remember seeing you somewhere in Guilin.我记得在桂林的什么地方见到过你。(seeing 这个动作已经发生) Remember to mail the letter for me. 记住帮我寄这封信。(to mail 这个动作尚未发生)
4. want 及 need 表示主语"想或需要"做某事,后接不定式的主动式作宾语;want, need 及 require 表示主语"需要"被作某种处置,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式均可。例如: I want to paint the wall. 我想粉刷这堵墙。 The wall wants painting / to be painted. 这墙需要粉刷了。
四、作定语
动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途。例如: No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。
2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。例如: That will be the only thing to do now. 那恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。 Is that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗?
本回答被网友采纳doing正在进行动作与谓语动词同时发生