求初中英语中宾语从句的用法

一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句顾名思义就是在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。即作及物动词、介词或某些形容词宾语的部分是由句子来充当。二、引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类即: 1．表示陈述语气用that ，作从句的原句是陈述句。 注意1: 引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。（1）and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略。如：Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. （2）that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2．连接词
1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？
3．时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4．注意：
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。
—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
简化宾语从句常用六法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy
初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题
习题(一)
1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
答案:1-5 A D C B C
习题(二)
1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty
A. who B. what C. when D. that
2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
A. what B when C why D how
7. He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
答案:1-7 C B B A A A C
习题(三)
1. They don't know their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
2. Please tell me ______what last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked
3. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
5 Did you know ____
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
6 Could you tell me ___
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
答案:1-6 B D B A A C
习题(四)
1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市东城区)
A. that B. how C. whatD. if
2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English. (杭州市)
A. why B. when C. how D. where
3. —We never know _____ the old m an is.
—They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)
A. what B. who C. which D. where
4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重庆市)
A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
5. —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him.
—Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀区)
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)
A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy
7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (重庆市)
A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was D. what wrong was
8. —Where is Jack
—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (南昌市)
A. that B. which C. where D. there
答案:1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句，它内容完整，句型结构较为复杂，主句和从句时态搭配要求严格，在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。

宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。

由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。

引出名词性从句的连词whether和if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而whether除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。

2.引导宾语从句的词有：

连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：

He knows that Jim will work hard.

连接代词who, whom, which等，如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?

3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后，

不定式之前，与or not连用，在句首或在引导表语从句，同位语从句时，只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?

4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动

词也要用过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：

He asked who could answer the question.

My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.

6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。

7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时，宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句，那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如：

I don't think he looks like his father, does he?

8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，

不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接。

(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：

He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.

(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句，如：

He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”

---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，如：

He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”

---He asked me where Mr Wang was.

注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。