跪求tpo13 lecture2的译文 就是海狸的那个，求求各位大神了，回答好了给加悬赏

TPO 13 Lecture 2 Ecology

Professor：So, continuing our discussion of ecological systems--- whole systems. The main thing to keep in mind here is the interrelationships. The species in the system err…. and even the landscape itself, they are interdependent. Let’s take what you’ve read for this weekend and see if we can apply this interdependence idea. Mike?

Student：Well, um…, how about beavers--- ecosystems with beavers in waterways.

Professor：Good, good, go on.
　　
Student：Like, well, you can see how it's so important, cause if you go back before European settled in north America, like before the 1600s, back when native Americans were the only people living here, well, back then there were a lot of beavers, but later on, after Europeans…
Professor：OK, wait, I see where you are heading with this, but before we go into how European settlement affected the ecosystem, tell me this--- what kind of environment do beavers live in? Think about what it was like before the Europeans settlers came, we’ll come back to where you were headed.
　　
Student：OK, well, beavers live near streams and rivers and they block up the streams and rivers with like logs and sticks and mud. You know, they build dams that really slow down the flow of the stream. So then the water backs up, and creates like a pond that floods the nearby land.
　　
Professor：And that creates wetlands. OK, tell me more.

Student：Well with wetlands, it's like there is more standing water, more Stillwater around, and that water is a lot cleaner than swiftly flowing water, because the dirt and settlement and stuff has the chance to sink to the bottom.

Professor：More important for our discussion, wetland areas support a lot more variety of life than swiftly flowing water. For example, there are more varieties of fish or insects, lots of frog spices, and then species that rely on those species start to live near the wetlands too.

Student：Yes, like birds and mammals that eat the fish and insects, and you can get trees and plants that begin to grow near the standing water, that can't grow near the running water. Oh, and there's something about wetland, and ground water too.

Professor：OK, good. Wetlands have a big affect on ground water, the amount of water below the surface of the land. Think of wetlands as, Umm, like a giant sponge,the earth soaks up a lot of this water that's continually flooding the surface,which increases the amount of water below. So where is there a wetland, you get a lot of ground water, and ground water happens to be a big source of our own drinking water today.All right… So, back to the beavers, what if the beavers weren't there?

Student：You just have a regular running stream, because there is no dam, so the ecosystem would be completely different, there would be fewer wetlands.

Professor：Exactly, so, now let's go back to where you were headed before, Mike. You mentioned the change that occurred after Europeans came to North America.

Student：Yeah, well, there used to be beavers all over the place, something like 200 million beavers, just in the continental United States. But when Europeans came, they started hunting the beavers for their fur, because beaver fur is really warm, and it was really popular for ** hats in Europe. So the beavers were hunted a lot, overhunted, they are almost extinct by the 1800s, so… that meant fewer wetlands, less standing water.
　　
Professor：And what does that mean for the ecosystem? Kate?

Student：Well if there is less standing water than the ecosystem can support its many species, because a lot of insects and fish and frogs can't live in running water,and then the birds and animals that eat them, lose their foods supply.

Professor：Precisely, so the beaver in this ecosystem is what we call a keystone species.The term keystone kind of explains itself. In architecture, a keystone in an archway or doorway is the stone that holds the whole thing together, and keeps it from collapsing. Well, that's what a keystone species does in an ecosystem. It's the critical species that keeps the system going. Now, beaver populations are on the rise again, but there is something to think about.Consider humans as part of these ecosystems, you've probably heard about water shortages or restrictions on how much water you can use, especially in the summer time, in recent years. And remember what I said about groundwater; imagine if we still have all those beavers around, all those wetlands. What would our water supply be like then?

1 What is the class mainly discussing?
A How beavers select the ecosystem where they live ?
B How ecosystem differ form on another ?
C The impact of human activities on an ecosystem
D The role of one species in an ecosystem

2 Why does the professor interrupt the student when he first mentions European settlement in North America?
A She had already mentioned that point.
B She thinks the information he gave is unrelated to the topic.
C She prefers to present the information in the lecture in a specific order.
D She questions the accuracy of his point.

3 What does the professor say about still water and swiftly flowing water?
A Beavers cannot adapt to living near swiftly flowing water.
B Still water and swiftly flowing water support similar ecosystems.
C Still water supports more life than swiftly flowing water.
D Wetland areas include large quantities of swiftly flowing water.

4 According to the professor, what was the impact of the extensive hunting of beavers in North America?
A It led to a decrease in the number of wetlands.
B It led to a decrease in the number of swiftly flowing streams.
C It led to an increase in the number of other animal species in the wetlands.
D It led to an increase in the amount of groundwater.追问

亲，我要译文啊

亲，我要译文啊

追答

TPO 13 2生态学讲座
教授：我知道，我们继续讨论of生态系统-整个系统。the main thing to keep here is the interrelationships在心灵。茶茶种群系统错误。和甚至是interdependent the景观本身，他们。让我们带你读什么for this and see if we can apply周末这个相互依存的主意。迈克？
学生：好的，嗯……，how about with海狸海狸---生态中水道。
教授：好，好，去。
学生：好的，我能看到你，我知道知识是重要的，如果你去背的原因在北美欧洲解决之前，1600s back when the一样，美国是唯一的土著人生活在这里，那么，嗯，倒是有很多，但在大学以后，海狸，europeans after……
教授：好的，等你看到的，在这之前我们与heading into，but how the去欧洲结算的生态影响，告诉我这是什么---我的海狸生活在那种环境？什么是认为about the europeans settlers肉类一样，我们会回来的你在那里头。
学生：好的，嗯，海狸和河流和他们近streams Live with the block上streams和河流类日志和树枝和泥。你知道我真的很慢，他们建造水坝，Down the of the流流。我当时削减和弹出水，像洪水池塘that the创源近的土地。
教授：那创源湿地。好吧，告诉我更多。
学生：好与湿地，there is more这就像站在更多的水，那水是静水，很多比swiftly流动厕所清洁污垢和结算，因为茶和茶的东西，有机会到水槽的底部。
教授：我们讨论important for黑莓黑莓支持湿地地区，很多品种的生活比swiftly流动厕所。forexample，there are more of fish or insects品种很多，spices青蛙种群，然后在这些物种，rely开始Live the湿地太近。
学生：是的，就像小鸟吃炸鱼和mammals that the insects & You can get，树和植物开始成长，to the站立近不近，变得水，茶叶水。哦，还有something about湿地水和地面，太。

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