如题所述
实义动词词义完整，能独立作谓语，可分成：及物动词（transitive verb）和不及物动词（intransitive verb）。
1．及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr．Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday．史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。 ②He asked the teacher a few questions．他向老师问了几个问题。 ③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 ④Children and young people like bright colors．孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。
2．不及物动词不要求有宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A．m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门，晚五点或五点半关门。 ②George's father lives there．乔治的爸爸住在那里。 ③Let's go home．我们回家吧。 ④The examination ended at 11:30 A．m．考试上午十一点半结束。
3．特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如 close， begin， study， leave， work等。 ①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m．邮局晚上9点关门。 ②Close the window, please．请关窗。 ③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗？ ④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school．比尔毕业后当水手。 ⑤They left yesterday．他们昨天离开的。 ⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的？ ⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。 ⑧The students study English and German．这些学生学习英语和德语。 ⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。 ⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。 3。实义动词，也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲，实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时，一定不能用be动词。那么，实义动词究竟怎样用呢？正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样，实义动词在肯定句中，也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时，实义动词要变为相应的第三人称单数；当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时，实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时，不能直接在动词上变，而是要借助另一类动词：助动词do、does。 （1）肯定句： ① I have a blue book. ② He has a brother. ③ She wants to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. (2)否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词，是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的，但加了do/does后，其后面的动词必须用动词原形。 ① I have a blue book.（变为否定句）→I don’t have a blue book. ② He has a brother. （变为否定句）→He doesn’t have brother. ③ She wants to be a teacher. （变为否定句）→She doesn’t want to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. （变为否定句）→They don’t like to play basketball. (3)一般疑问句：Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他？句中加了do/does后，其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。 ① I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book? ② He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother? ③ My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)→Does your brother do his homework before supper? ④ She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher? ⑤ They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball? (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ ① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (对加粗部分提问) →Why does your sister like English best? ② He does his homework before supper. (对加粗部分提问)→When does he do his homework? 注意：当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语，我们把这类句子变否定句时，必须把and变为or.如： (1)He can swim and dance. （变为否定句）→He can’t wim or dance. (2)My father likes English and math. （变为否定句） →My father doesn’t like English or math. （5） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 例如：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 比较：He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
1．及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr．Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday．史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。 ②He asked the teacher a few questions．他向老师问了几个问题。 ③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 ④Children and young people like bright colors．孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。
2．不及物动词不要求有宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A．m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门，晚五点或五点半关门。 ②George's father lives there．乔治的爸爸住在那里。 ③Let's go home．我们回家吧。 ④The examination ended at 11:30 A．m．考试上午十一点半结束。
3．特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如 close， begin， study， leave， work等。 ①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m．邮局晚上9点关门。 ②Close the window, please．请关窗。 ③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗？ ④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school．比尔毕业后当水手。 ⑤They left yesterday．他们昨天离开的。 ⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的？ ⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。 ⑧The students study English and German．这些学生学习英语和德语。 ⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。 ⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。 3。实义动词，也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲，实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时，一定不能用be动词。那么，实义动词究竟怎样用呢？正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样，实义动词在肯定句中，也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时，实义动词要变为相应的第三人称单数；当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时，实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时，不能直接在动词上变，而是要借助另一类动词：助动词do、does。 （1）肯定句： ① I have a blue book. ② He has a brother. ③ She wants to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. (2)否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词，是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的，但加了do/does后，其后面的动词必须用动词原形。 ① I have a blue book.（变为否定句）→I don’t have a blue book. ② He has a brother. （变为否定句）→He doesn’t have brother. ③ She wants to be a teacher. （变为否定句）→She doesn’t want to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. （变为否定句）→They don’t like to play basketball. (3)一般疑问句：Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他？句中加了do/does后，其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。 ① I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book? ② He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother? ③ My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)→Does your brother do his homework before supper? ④ She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher? ⑤ They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball? (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ ① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (对加粗部分提问) →Why does your sister like English best? ② He does his homework before supper. (对加粗部分提问)→When does he do his homework? 注意：当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语，我们把这类句子变否定句时，必须把and变为or.如： (1)He can swim and dance. （变为否定句）→He can’t wim or dance. (2)My father likes English and math. （变为否定句） →My father doesn’t like English or math. （5） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 例如：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 比较：He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
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