摘 要
20世纪90年代以来,随着贸易自由化进程的不断加速,关税与传统非关税壁垒不断削减,技术性贸易壁垒目前已经成为主要的国际贸易壁垒形式,许多国家和地区通过制定各种复杂苛刻的技术法规与技术标准、合格评定程序、环境标志制度、绿色包装壁垒以及卫生检疫措施等来限制进口与保护国内市场。当今技术性贸易壁垒变得更加复杂和隐蔽,正在成为最普遍、最难以对付的国际贸易壁垒,对经济和特别是对我国农产品国际贸易的影响越来越大。
我国已经加入世贸组织,与成员方的贸易将享受最惠国待遇和国民待遇,关税壁垒和许多传统的非关税壁垒对我国外贸发展的影响将日渐减小,而技术性贸易壁垒的影响将会比“入世”之前更为突出。事实上,技术性贸易壁垒已经影响到中国包括农产品在内的对外贸易的发展。
基于上述背景,本论文遵循理论分析、实证分析与对策研究的思路对技术性贸易壁垒与中国农产品对外贸易发展问题进行以下研究。①在对技术性贸易壁垒的基本定义进行界定的基础上,阐述其基本特征、表现形式,分析技术性贸易壁垒产生的背景、现状、发展趋势及其研究意义;论述技术性贸易壁垒形成原因、作用及对我国农产品贸易的影响。②分析技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品对外贸易的经济效应,包括对进口国经济效应分析、对受限国经济效应分析、对技术性贸易壁垒保护程度的经济分析。③在政策研究部分,系统地提出从政策、体制、制度建设三个方面,从宏观、中观、微观三个角度,从政府、行业组织、企业三大层面应对技术性贸易壁垒的政策建议。
通过对中国农产品对外贸易遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的经济学分析,达到得出合理的技术性贸易措施,保护国内农产品市场发展的目的。
关键词:技术性贸易壁垒 中国农产品 农产品出口
Since the 1990s, with the trade liberalization process has been accelerating, tariff and non-tariff barriers to keep traditional cuts, technical barriers to trade has become the main form of international trade barriers, many countries and regions through various complex harsh technical regulations and technical standards and conformity assessment procedures and environmental marking system, the green packaging barriers and health and quarantine measures to restrict imports and protect domestic market. Today's technical barriers to trade become more complicated and concealment, are the most common, and the most difficult one to deal with international trade barriers, the economy and especially for international agri-product trade has more and more influence.
China has joined the world trade organization, and the member trade will enjoy the most-favoured-nation treatment and national treatment, tariff barriers and many traditional non-tariff barriers to foreign trade development, gradually reduce the influence of technical barriers to trade and the impact would be "wto" than before. In fact, the technical trade barriers has affect China's agricultural products, including the development of foreign trade.
Based on the background, this paper follow theory analysis and empirical analysis and countermeasures to study the technical trade barriers of foreign trade development with Chinese agricultural research questions below. 1 of technical barriers to trade in the basic definition on the basis of the definition, expounds its basic features, forms, and analyses the background of the technical trade barriers, the current situation, development trend and the research significance, This causes, technical barriers to trade in China agricultural trade and the influence. (2) analysis of China's agricultural technical trade barriers of foreign trade, including the economic effects of economic effect of importing, economic effect is analyzed, the limitation of technical barriers to trade protection degree of economic analysis. 3 in policy research, policy, system from three aspects of system, the system construction from the macro, meso, microcosmic angles, from the government and industry organizations and enterprises with three aspects of technical barriers to trade policy Suggestions.
Based on China's agricultural technical trade barriers of foreign trade in the economic analysis to draw reasonable technical trade measures to protect domestic agricultural market development.
Since 90's in 20 centuries, accelerate continuously along with the trade liberalism progress, the tariff and the tradition non- tariff barrackses cut down continuously, the technique trade barrier have already become the main international trade barracks form currently, many nations and region pass the technique laws and the technique standards that draw up various complicated 苛's engraves, qualified assess the procedure, environment marking system, green packing barracks and hygienes medical inspection measure etc. imports and protects the local market to the restrict.Nowadays the technique trade barrier become more complicated and concealment, just the international trade barracks that become the most widespread and the most hard to deal with, to the economy and especially to the influence of the our country agricultural product international trade more and more big.
The our country has already joined the world trade organization, will enjoy the most-favored nation treatment and citizen's treatments with the square trade of member, the tariff barracks and many traditional non- tariffs barrackses will let up gradually to the our country influence of the outside 贸 development, but the influence of the technique trade barrier will be more before more outstanding than" go into a life time".In fact, the technique trade barrier hases already affected China to include the agricultural product at inside of foreign trade development.
According to the above-mentioned background, this thesis follows the way of thinking of theories analysis, the substantial evidence analysis and the counterplan research to carry on the following research to the foreign trade development problem of the technique trade barrier and Chinese agricultural products.① At carry on the foundation of the define to the basic definition of the technique trade barrier up, elaborate its basic characteristic, manifestation, analyze the output background, present condition of the technique trade barrier, develop the trend and it studies the meaning;Discuss the technique trade barrier formation reason, function and to the influence that the our country agricultural product trade.The ② analyzes the technique trade barrier to the foreign trade economic effect of the our country agricultural product, including economic analysis to import the economic effect of country the analysis, the rightness is subjected to protect the degree only for economic effect of country and to the technique trade barrier.The ③ studies the part in the policy, putting forward joining the government the plan, system, system to constuct three aspects systematically, from the macro view, in view, tiny three angles of view, join the government the policy suggestion that the mansion, the profession organization, the business enterprise three greatest levels replies the technique trade barrier.
Pass the economics analysis that suffers the technique trade barrier to the Chinese agricultural product foreign trade, attain the technique that is reasonable trade measure, protect the purpose of the local agricultural product market development.
Keyword:The Chinese agricultural product agricultural product of the technique trade barrier export
China has joined WTO, the trade and members will enjoy MFN and national treatment, tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers on many of the traditional development of China's foreign trade will be gradually reduced, and the impact of technical barriers to trade will be more than " accession to the WTO "and more prominent. In fact, the technical barriers to trade has affected China's foreign trade including agricultural products development.
Against the above background, this paper follow the theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and countermeasures of technical barriers to trade ideas on the development of foreign trade of agricultural products with China following research issues. ① In the basic definition of technical barriers to trade based on the definition on its basic features, expressions, analysis of technical barriers to trade arising from the background, the status quo, development trend and its significance; on the reasons for the formation of technical barriers to trade, the role and the impact of China's agricultural trade. ② Analysis of technical barriers to trade of agricultural products to China's foreign trade and economic effects, including the analysis of economic effects of the importing country, the economic effect of the limited analysis of the extent of technical barriers to trade protection of the economic analysis. ③ part in policy research, the system put forward from the policy, institutional, three aspects of system construction, from the macro, meso, micro three angles, from the government, trade associations, businesses deal with three levels of technical barriers to trade policy recommendations.
Through the experience of China's foreign trade of agricultural products of the Economic Analysis of Technical Barriers to Trade, to come up with a reasonable technical trade measures to protect domestic agricultural market development.
Keywords: Technical Barriers to Trade of China's agricultural products exports of agricultural products
Since the 1990s, with the trade liberalization process has been accelerating, tariff and non-tariff barriers to keep traditional cuts, technical barriers to trade has become the main form of international trade barriers, many countries and regions through various complex harsh technical regulations and technical standards and conformity assessment procedures and environmental marking system, the green packaging barriers and health and quarantine measures to restrict imports and protect domestic market. Today's technical barriers to trade become more complicated and concealment, are the most common, and the most difficult one to deal with international trade barriers, the economy and especially for international agri-product trade has more and more influence.
China has joined the world trade organization, and the member trade will enjoy the most-favoured-nation treatment and national treatment, tariff barriers and many traditional non-tariff barriers to foreign trade development, gradually reduce the influence of technical barriers to trade and the impact would be "wto" than before. In fact, the technical trade barriers has affect China's agricultural products, including the development of foreign trade.
Based on the background, this paper follow theory analysis and empirical analysis and countermeasures to study the technical trade barriers of foreign trade development with Chinese agricultural research questions below. 1 of technical barriers to trade in the basic definition on the basis of the definition, expounds its basic features, forms, and analyses the background of the technical trade barriers, the current situation, development trend and the research significance, This causes, technical barriers to trade in China agricultural trade and the influence. (2) analysis of China's agricultural technical trade barriers of foreign trade, including the economic effects of economic effect of importing, economic effect is analyzed, the limitation of technical barriers to trade protection degree of economic analysis. 3 in policy research, policy, system from three aspects of system, the system construction from the macro, meso, microcosmic angles, from the government and industry organizations and enterprises with three aspects of technical barriers to trade policy Suggestions.
Based on China's agricultural technical trade barriers of foreign trade in the economic analysis to draw reasonable technical trade measures to protect domestic agricultural market development.
正确的
从头到尾都有,,
我五年级而已,,
英语又不好,,
所以只能在谷歌上搜,,
应该全对,,
哥哥姐姐关照下,,
Abstract
20th century since the 90's, with the trade liberalization process of the constant acceleration, constant tariffs and traditional non-tariff barriers to reduce technical barriers to trade has become the main form of international trade barriers, many countries and regions through the development of complex technology harsh regulations and technical standards, conformity assessment procedures, environmental labeling system, green packaging, as well as barriers such as sanitary and phytosanitary measures to restrict imports and protect domestic markets. Technical barriers to trade in today's more complicated and subtle, is becoming the most common and most difficult to deal with international trade barriers, especially on the economy and international trade of agricultural products to China's increasing influence.
China has joined WTO, the trade and members will enjoy MFN and national treatment, tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers on many of the traditional development of China's foreign trade will be gradually reduced, and the impact of technical barriers to trade will be more than " accession to the WTO "and more prominent. In fact, the technical barriers to trade has affected China's foreign trade including agricultural products development.
Against the above background, this paper follow the theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and countermeasures of technical barriers to trade ideas on the development of foreign trade of agricultural products with China following research issues. ① In the basic definition of technical barriers to trade based on the definition on its basic features, expressions, analysis of technical barriers to trade arising from the background, the status quo, development trend and its significance; on the reasons for the formation of technical barriers to trade, the role and the impact of China's agricultural trade. ② Analysis of Technical Barriers to Trade on China's foreign trade and economic effects of agricultural products, including analysis of economic effects of importing countries, the economic effect of the limited analysis of the extent of technical barriers to trade protection of the economic analysis. ③ part in policy research, the system put forward from the policy, institutional, three aspects of system construction, from the macro, meso, micro three angles, from the government, trade associations, businesses deal with three levels of technical barriers to trade policy recommendations.
Through the experience of China's foreign trade of agricultural products of the Economic Analysis of Technical Barriers to Trade, to come up with a reasonable technical trade measures to protect domestic agricultural market development.
Keywords: Technical Barriers to Trade of China's agricultural products exports of agricultural products
The economics by encountering the technicality trade wall to Chinese agricultural product foreign trade is analysed, reach reach rational technicality trade measure, protect the purpose that the agricultural product marketplace develops in the homeland.
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