(B)Springs
Springs
In most machine members, the deformation must be kept low, the member must be kept stiff and rigid。In a spring，the reverse effect is desired ，and the deformation must be relatively large，the spring being a machine member built to have a high degree of resilience.
Springs are used as cushions to absorb shock,as in machine supports, on automobile frames, and in airplane landing gear;as a source of power since they store up energy that is later delivered as driving power,as in clocks,trigger mechanisms,etc.;and to maintain contact between machine members by exerting a direct force ,as in clutches ,brakes,valve springs,and cam followers.Springs are also used as load-measuring devices,as in spring balances,power dynamometers,and in instruments such as gags,meters,and engine indicators.
Stress in coil springs of round wire
The coil,or helical,spring consists of a wire or rod wound into a helix and is primarily intended for axial direct compression or tension loads.
The action of the force F in Fig.8.5 ends to rotate the wire,thereby causing torsional stresses in the wire.Also,bending,direct compression,and direct shearing stresses,which are neglected in the conventional spring equations,are set up in the wire.Considering only the torsion and assuming a round wire ,the stress is
Where F =axial load,lb
Dm=mean coil diameter,in.
d =wire diameter,in.
In this equation,the bending,direct shear,compression,and wire curvature are neglected.An analysis by A.M.Wahl that considers these stresses indicates that the stress at the inner surface of the coiled wire may reach values 60 per cent higher than those given by Eq.(8-1),when the spring index is low.The spring index is the ratio of the mean coil diameter to the wire diameter.
According to Wahl,the maximum stress in the spring wire is
Where
And C is the spring index Dm/d.To simplify the computations,the value of K may be taken from the curve in Fig.8.6
专业的也许比较困难 翻译的准确的朋友追加50分 谢谢诶大家帮忙下
昏迷 1楼这是哪个在线翻译啊 比雅虎都差劲啊…… 机械方面的受力分析怎么搞到成员国去了 那个赵梦齐翻译的很好啊 怎么不翻了 全文弄好的追加50分啊
Springs
In most machine members, the deformation must be kept low, the member must be kept stiff and rigid。In a spring，the reverse effect is desired ，and the deformation must be relatively large，the spring being a machine member built to have a high degree of resilience.
Springs are used as cushions to absorb shock,as in machine supports, on automobile frames, and in airplane landing gear;as a source of power since they store up energy that is later delivered as driving power,as in clocks,trigger mechanisms,etc.;and to maintain contact between machine members by exerting a direct force ,as in clutches ,brakes,valve springs,and cam followers.Springs are also used as load-measuring devices,as in spring balances,power dynamometers,and in instruments such as gags,meters,and engine indicators.
(B)弹簧
弹簧
在多数机件中，必须保持较低变形，机件必须保持刚性。在一个弹簧中，要求作用可逆，而且变形必须相对较大，弹簧作为一个机件必须有高度弹力。
弹簧作为减震衬垫，可用于机器座架上，汽车车驾上及飞机起落装置上；由于它们能将能量储存并转化为后续推动力，而被视为一种动力来源，例如用于钟表及触发机制等；并且通过直接施加一个力来维持机件之间的接触，例如用于离合器，刹车（闸），阀（带弹簧的阀）及凸轮随动件。弹簧也用于负载测量装置，例如用于弹簧秤，测力计及用于张口器，仪表和示功器。
Stress in coil springs of round wire
环形弹簧的压力
The coil,or helical,spring consists of a wire or rod wound into a helix and is primarily intended for axial direct compression or tension loads.
The action of the force F in Fig.8.5 ends to rotate the wire,thereby causing torsional stresses in the wire.Also,bending,direct compression,and direct shearing stresses,which are neglected in the conventional spring equations,are set up in the wire.Considering only the torsion and assuming a round wire ,the stress is
卷簧，或者说螺旋形弹簧包括一条盘成螺旋形的金属丝盘条，它起初是用于轴向直接压力和拉伸。
8.5图中的力F的作用将金属丝旋转，从而使金属丝产生扭曲应力。并且在常规的弹簧等式中忽略的弯曲力、直接压缩和直接剪力，也作用在金属丝上。只考虑扭矩和圆形金属丝，其应力为
Where F =axial load,lb
Dm=mean coil diameter,in.
d =wire diameter,in.
In this equation,the bending,direct shear,compression,and wire curvature are neglected.An analysis by A.M.Wahl that considers these stresses indicates that the stress at the inner surface of the coiled wire may reach values 60 per cent higher than those given by Eq.(8-1),when the spring index is low.The spring index is the ratio of the mean coil diameter to the wire diameter.
According to Wahl,the maximum stress in the spring wire is
F=轴向荷载， 磅
Dm=弹簧平均直径，英寸
D=金属丝的直径， 英寸
在此等式中，弯曲度，直接剪力，压力和金属线弯曲率忽略不计。A.M.Wahl（沃尔） 的一个分析考虑可这些应力， 指出当弹簧直径比低时，盘绕线内表面的应力应该比等式(8-1)中给出的高60%。弹簧直径比是指弹簧平均直径和金属线直径的比率。根据沃尔（Wahl） 的理论, 弹簧线的最大应力应为
Where
And C is the spring index Dm/d.To simplify the computations,the value of K may be taken from the curve in Fig.8.6
C是弹簧直径比 Dm/d. .为了简化计算，K值按照图8.6中曲线。
温泉在大多数机器成员的变形必须保持在较低水平，各成员国必须保持僵硬，僵硬。在一个春天，相反的效果是理想的，和变形，必须相对较大，春季会员正在建造一台机器有一个高度的适应能力。温泉被用作垫来吸收冲击，因为在机器的支持，在汽车内，并在飞机起落架;作为动力源，因为它们储存的能量是后来交付动力，如钟表，触发机制等;和保持联系，成员之间的机器施加直接的力量，如离合器，制动器，气门弹簧，和CAM的追随者。
温泉也用作负载测量设备，如春结余，电力测功机，并在文书，如多糖，米，发动机指标。应力的螺旋弹簧的圆丝线圈，或螺旋，春天是由电线或棒伤口成螺旋结构，并主要用于轴向直接压缩或紧张负载。的行动力F在Fig.8.5结束旋转线，从而造成扭应力wire.Also ，弯曲，直接压缩，并直接剪应力，这是忽视了传统的春季方程，建立了在wire.Considering只有扭转和假设圆线，该压力是其中f =轴向载荷，英镑糖尿病=意味着线圈直径英寸d =线直径，英寸在这个方程，弯曲，直接剪切，压缩，并线曲率neglected.An分析调幅
温泉
在大多数机器成员，变形必须保持在较低水平，各成员国必须保持僵硬，僵硬。在一个春天，相反的效果是理想的，和变形，必须相对较大，春季会员正在建造一台机器具有高一定程度的弹性。
温泉被用作垫来吸收冲击，因为在机器的支持，在汽车内，并在飞机起落架;作为动力源，因为它们储存的能量是后来交付动力，如钟表，触发机制等。 ;和保持联系，成员之间的机器施加直接的力量，如离合器，制动器，气门弹簧，和CAM followers.Springs也用作负载测量设备，如春结余，电力测功机，并在文书，如作为聚糖，米，发动机指标。
螺旋弹簧应力的圆线
线圈，或螺旋，春天是由电线杆或伤口进入螺旋，并主要是轴向直接压缩或紧张负荷。
所采取的行动力F在Fig.8.5结束旋转线，从而造成扭应力wire.Also ，弯曲，直接压缩，直接剪应力，这是忽视了传统的春季方程，是建立在wire.Considering只有扭转，并呈现出圆线，应力
其中f =轴向载荷，英镑
马克=意味着线圈直径英寸
d =线直径，英寸
在这个方程，弯曲，直接剪切，压缩，并线曲率neglected.An分析AMWahl强调，考虑到这些表明，应力的内表面的螺旋线可能达到百分之六十的价值高于所给予情商。 （ 8-1 ） ，当春天指数low.The春季指数的比率平均线圈直径的线直径。
据瓦尔，最大应力的弹簧钢丝是
哪里
和C是春天指数部/ d.To简化计算，其价值的钾可采取从曲线Fig.8.6
