Financial early warning system is a technique of analysis that is used to predict the achievement condition of enterprises and to decrease the risk of financial distress. By the application of this technique of analysis, the condition and possible distress of an enterprise can be identified with quantity. There is no specific method for total prevention for a financial distress of enterprises. The important point is to set the factors that cause the condition with calmness, to take corrective precautions for a long term, to make a flexible emergency plan towards the potential future crisis. In essence, the early warning system is a financial analysis technique, and it identifies the achievement analysis of enterprise due to its industry with the help of financial ratios.
SMEs, which are the vital drivers of the economy, are topic of significant research interest for academics and an issue of great importance for policy makers around the globe. When overall world economy is considered it is noted that SMEs, which constitute 95% of total enterprises in the world, account for 66% of total employment and 55% of total production (OECD, 2004). According to the 6th Annual Report of the European Small Business Observatory (2005) there are 19.3 million of the enterprises in the European Union today, 99.8% of them are defined as SMEs and employ approximately 75 million people. There are only 35,000 enterprises, with more than 250 employees, but 18 million enterprises employ fewer than 10 people. SMEs constitute 99.89% of total enterprises and play a major role in Turkish economy. According to data from 2002 General Industrial Enterprise Census on SMEs in Turkey conducted by Turkish Statistic Institute (TSI), SMEs employ approximately 3 million people in total. SMEs account for 77% of total employment in Turkey and 38% of total value added generated in Turkey (TSI, 2003). SMEs in Turkey have financial difficulties and need urgent solutions for their financial problems (Sariaslan, 1994; Ozgen and Dogan 1997; Turker et all., 2005).
Today, SMEs need to think about global dimensions of their business earlier than ever, often even before the start of the actual venture. In developed countries, in addition to the administrative insufficiencies of SMEs, the permanent threat towards SMEs from globalization, competition and the economical conditions have caused distress and low performance for SMEs, and have forced SMEs towards the risky areas. The majority of the scientific studies and the reports about SMEs emphasized the financing, financial management and financial distress as the most important problems of SMEs (EU, 2003).
作为经济的关键驱动力的中小型企业是全球范围内学术研究的对象,也是决策者的重要课题。当把全球经济作为一个整体来考虑时,人们就会注意到占全球企业总数95%的中小型企业提供了66%的就业总数和55%的总产值(经合组织,2004年)。根据《欧洲小型商业观察》2005年的年度报告,如今欧洲工会中有一千九百多万个企业,其中的99.8%被定义为中小型企业,其雇员数量为七千五百万。只有三万五千个企业拥有250人以上的雇员,但是有一千八百万个企业的雇员都少于10人。在土耳其,中小型企业占企业总数的99.89%且主导其国家经济。根据由土耳其统计学会(TSI)进行的2002年土耳其中小型企业的总体工业企业统计数据,所有中小型企业的雇员约为三百万。中小型企业承担了土耳其77%的就业总数和38%的总增值(TSI,2003)。土耳其的中小型企业遇到财政困难,急需良策以应对他们的财政问题(Sariaslan, 1994; Ozgen and Dogan 1997; Turker et all., 2005)。
今天,中小型企业更需要先行考虑全球性的业务,在实际风险来临之前未雨绸缪。在发达国家,除了中小型企业行政能力不足之外,全球化,竞争和经济环境的持续威胁已经导致了中小型企业的困境和低效,并迫使其转向风险领域。大多数针对中小型企业所进行的科学研究和报告都强调了中小型企业的融资,财务管理和财务困境是其面临的最重要的问题(欧盟, 2003年)。
没有具体的方法,共为预防金融困境的企业。重要的一点是确定的因素,导致条件冷静,采取纠正预防措施,长期,作出灵活的应急计划,对未来的潜在危机。从本质上说,早期预警系统是一个财务分析技术,并确定了
实现分析企业由于其行业的帮助下,财务比率。
中小型企业,这是非常重要的经济驱动力,是重要的研究课题感兴趣的学者和一个非常重要的问题的决策者在全球各地。当整个世界经济被认为是需要指出的是,中小型企业,其中95 %的企业总数在世界上占66 %的总就业和55 %的总产量(经合组织, 2004年) 。
根据第六年报欧洲小企业天文台( 2005 )有一千九百三十○点零零零万企业在欧洲联盟的今天, 99.8 %的人被定义为中小企业,雇用约75万人。只有35,000企业,有超过250名员工,但一千八百点〇万企业雇用少于吨
汉族10人。中小企业构成99.89 % ,占企业和中发挥重大作用土耳其经济。根据从2002年的数据一般工业企业统计的中小企业在土耳其进行的土耳其统计研究所(抗体) ,中小企业雇用大约300万人的总额。中小型企业占77 %的总就业人数在土耳其和38 %的总增加价值中产生土耳其(抗体, 2003年) 。中小企业在土耳其的财政困难和迫切需要解决的财政问题( Sariaslan , 1994年; Ozgen和根1997年; Turker等所有。 , 2005年) 。
今天,中小企业需要考虑全球性的业务比以往任何时候都较早,往往甚至开始前的实际风险。在发达国家,除了行政不足的中小企业,对中小企业的长期威胁的全球化,竞争和经济条件造成了痛苦和低性能的中小企业,
并迫使中小型企业向高风险地区。大多数的科学研究和报告,强调中小企业的融资,财务管理和财务困境的最重要问题的中小型企业(欧盟, 2003年) 。